The philippine presidents free essay sample

It is the Presidents of the Philippines their personal identity. Early life, Political career, achievements, issues, controversies that was bound to them while they are on their terms. We don’t really know what runs in the back of their mind everyday thinking the future of our country. It is about Presidents of the Philippines who contributed to our society and also earned criticism from the Filipino people. It’s about their life being the President of the Philippines what have they change on our country in negative or positive ways. Criticism that they face in their terms hard decisions that they encounter. It depends on the president actions on what the people see to him. Their action tells them what they really are. Any feedback that comes from the mass show them what they really are it’s because a lot of people want a new outcome from them. They want new changes to make sure that the President will do the best. We will write a custom essay sample on The philippine presidents or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page But somehow they are things that president cannot avoid issues, controversies and accusations. Corruption is a normal word in politics. We don’t really know where the money of our country goes, if it goes to the right hand or the wrong hand of corrupted people in the government. Trusting the future on one person is very hard. Presidents are just like us they are not perfect though they make the decisions for our country as best as possible ways to improve our economic society. Every move of the presidents like implementing campaigns, programs, and policies to make a better country for the Filipino people is a very tough job but the presidents carry their responsibility to do this. They are sworn to thousand of Filipino people to do their bests. Foreseeing the future where people lives in a free violence country. Maybe telling their short biography about them personal views about them will tell you. Joseph Ejercito Estrada Lets start with Joseph Ejercito Estrada , Joseph Estrada was born on April 19, 1937, in Manila, Philippines ,In 1992, he ran for vice president and won. In 1998 he became president of the Philippines. In 2001 he was arrested and imprisoned for six years. He ran for re-election in 2010, but lost to Benigno Aquino III. Joseph Estrada was born Joseph Marcelo Ejercito in the Tondo district of Manila, Philippines, on April 19, 1937. He was one of 10 children. Estrada’s father, Emilio Ejercito, was a government engineer. His mother was named Maria Marcelo. Joseph’s parents were wealthy landowners. . Over the course of his prolific film career, he has acted the lead role in more than 80 films and produced over 70. When Joseph was still very young, his family moved to San Juan, which has since become a part of metropolitan Manila. Estrada received his primary education at Ateneo de Manila University. After graduating from Ateneo de Manila, he enrolled in engineering courses at the Mapua Institute of Technology. To his parents’ grave disappointment, political career. Erap is a college dropout he is the only one who doesn’t have a college diploma. His political career started as a mayor of San Juan from in 1967, then a municipality of Metro Manila, and succeeded in only 1969 after winning an electoral protest against Braulio Sto. Domingo. His administration was marked by unequaled accomplishments in infrastructure development. These included the establishment of the first Municipal High School, the Agora complex, a modern slaughterhouse, a sprawling government center with a post office, a mini-park and the concreting of 98 percent of the towns roads and alleys. As mayor, he paid particular attention to the elementary education of children by improving and renovating school buildings and constructing school structures, health centers, barangay halls and playgrounds in all the barangays. The following year, he won a seat in the Senate under the Grand Alliance for Democracy (GAD) placing 16th in the elections (out of 24 winners). In 1987, he set his sights on a Senate run and handily garnered a seat. He was appointed Chairman of the Committee on Public Works. He was Vice-Chairman of the Committees on Health, Natural Resources and Ecology and Urban Planning. In the Senate, Estrada was credited with the passage of, among other major pieces of legislation, the bills on irrigation project and the protection and propagation of carabaos, the beast of burden in the rural areas. As a senator, he was one of the so-called â€Å"Magnificent 12† who voted to terminate the RP-US Military Bases Agreement. In 1989, the Free Press cited him as one of the Three Outstanding Senators of the Year. He was conferred the degree of Doctor of Humanities, Honoris Causa by the Bicol University in April 1997, and the University of Pangasinan in 1990. In 1992, Joseph Estrada initially ran for president with Vicente Rivera, Jr. as his running mate but he withdrew his bid and instead ran for vice-president as the running mate of Eduardo Cojuangco, Jr. under the Nationalist Peoples Coalition. Even Cojuangco lost to former National Defense Secretary Fidel Ramos, As Vice-President, Estrada he was the chairman of President Ramos Presidential Anti-Crime Commission (PACC). Estrada arrested criminals and kidnapping syndicates. He resigned as chairman in 1997. In the same year Estrada, together with former President Corazon Aquino, Cardinal Jaime Sin, Senator Gloria Macapagal Arroyo and other political leaders, led an anti-charter change rally brought in an estimated half a million people to Rizal Park against the charter change moves by Ramos and his supporters. The inauguration of President Estrada on June 30, 1998, Estrada was inaugurated on June 30, 1998 in the historical town of Malolos in Bulacan province in paying tribute to the cradle of the First Philippine Republic. That afternoon the new president delivered his inaugural address at the Quirino Grandstand in Luneta. He assumed office amid the Asian Financial Crisis and with agricultural problems due to poor weather conditions. In 2000 he declared an all-out-war against the Moro Islamic Liberation Front and captured its headquarters and other camps. But during his term there are some issues that confronting him that maybe truth. First is the Subic Bay Leadership Dispute after winning the 1998 presidential elections President Joseph Ejercito Estrada issued Administrative Order No. 1, which ordered the removal Richard Gordon as Chairman of the Subic Bay Metropolitan Authority or SBMA. Estrada appointed Felicito Payumo, Gordons critic and congressman of Bataan as new chairman. Gordon refused to step down, stating that his re-appointment from the Ramos administration gave him civil service protection. The issue sparked the interest local and foreign press known as the Showdown at Subic Gordon filed for a temporary restraining order before the local court. The local court of Olongapo granted Gordons request but Payumos party filed an appeal before the Court of Appeals (CA). The CA reversed the local courts ruling and it was affirmed by the Supreme Court. With the Supreme Court decision, Gordon called Payumo and turned over the reins of SBMA at the Subic Bay Yacht Club two months later on 3 September 1998. Together with the Subic volunteers, they cleaned up the facility. Next is the text book scam Intervention. In 1998, Estrada allegedly appointed a cousin, Cecilia de Castro, as presidential assistant. The President denied knowing her in the wake of the textbook scam in 1998. The President later intervened in the investigation of the said scam. Another is the appointment of brother-in-law, Captain Rufino F. Pimentel, as PAGCOR director. Also a brother-in-law, Raul de Guzman, was appointed member of the Board of Regents of the University of the Philippines. De Guzmans son was also appointed as presidential consultant on environment and water. The Manila Times Controversy, Estrada denies a story against the countrys oldest newspaper the Manila Times over a story that alleged corruption in the awarding of a public works project. After a personal apology from an owner was published, the libel suit was dropped. Within three months the Manila Times was sold to a housing magnate with no previous newspaper experience and was quickly shut down. PCSO Funding Controversy. The Philippine Center for Investigative Journalism has reported that there are 66 corporate records wherein President Estrada, his wife, mistresses and children are listed as incorporators or board members. Thirty-one of these companies were set up during Estradas vice-presidential tenure and one when he assumed the presidency. Based on the 1998 and 1999 financial statements, 14 of the 66 companies have assets of over P600 million. The First Lady, Mrs. Loi Ejercito, registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission on 15 October 1998 her the Partnership for the Poor Foundation Inc. Which provides relief and livelihood to the poor. A few months after its incorporation, the foundation received P100 million from the Philippine Charity Sweepstakes Office as donation. The donation far exceeded the PCSOs combined donation of P65 million to regular beneficiaries like orphanages and hospitals. The complainants consider this a conflict-of-interest. The donation of government funds to the private foundation of the First Lady was also found to have been delivered to their legal residence in San Juan. Here are some famous controversies that was alleged to President Joseph Estrada, Jueteng Scandal Singson is known to have Estradas fall, when in October 2000 he said he gave President Joseph Estrada 400 million as pay from illegal gambling profits. On October 16, 2000, he accused the Estrada, as the lord of all jueteng lords for receiving 5 million pesos protection money from jueteng every month during his term of presidency. The Dacer-Corbito Double Murder Case Salvador Bubby Dacer, publicist in the Philippines, and his driver, Emmanuel Corbito, were abducted in Makati, the business district of Manila. They were later killed, and their vehicle dumped. In 2001, a number of arrests were made. The ultimate reasons for Dacers murder remain a subject of debate. Fidel Ramos has publicly accused his successor, Joseph Estrada, Estrada in a corruption scandal at the time, and according to some reports, Estrada believed Dacer was helping Ramos bring down his rule. During his term as the president he gave some contributions to our country. Because of him the crime of Plundering now carries the death penalty. The Estrada presidency was soon dogged by charges of plunder and corruption. Estradas impeachment by the House of Representatives in November 13, 2000. He was the first Philippine President to be impeached. He also served as Senator for one term and Vice President before becoming president. He declared war on the Moro Islamic Liberation Front. He was then pardoned in 2007, from 2001 though to 2007 he lived in seclusion. He contributed to helping the poor, and though he was thought to be corrupted, he assured the people he was not guilty of corruption, but of mistakes. He has contributed with food, medicine, and clothing along with other relief goods. Some Programs that Jospeh Ejercito Estarda work on during his term. The formal launching of the National Anti-Poverty Commission’s action plans to eradicate poverty. It was also a platform for the administration’s accomplishment report on poverty improvement, which included the launching of the Enhanced Retail Access for the Poor, or ERAP sari-sari stores, and the National Food Authoritys rolling stores implementation of several programs on food security to ensure adequate food in areas stricken by the El Nino happening the recover of the agriculture sector, and the food agreement among provincial governors which aims to ensure the countrys self-sufficiency in rice by 2001, corn by 2002 and fish by 2003. The implementation of the livelihood programs in barangays through backyard enterprises. A crackdown on criminal syndicates victimizing squatters, especially in Malabon and Navotas. The implementation of a campaign against illegal forms of fishing, and the release of P7. 5 billion in low-interest credit for the poor. Gloria Macapagal Arroyo Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo was born onApril 5, 1947 a Filipino politician who served as the 14th President of the Philippines from 2001 to 2010, as the 12th Vice President of the Philippines from 1998 to 2001, and is currently a member of the House of Representatives representing the 2nd District of Pampanga. She was the countrys second female president and the daughter of former President Diosdado Macapagal. Arroyo is also the first duly elected female Vice President of the Philippines. She was born as Maria Gloria Macaraeg Macapagal to politician Diosdado Macapagal and his wife, Evangelina Macaraeg Macapagal. She is the sister of Dr. Diosdado Macapagal, Jr. and Cielo Macapagal-Salgado. She spent the first years of her life in Lubao, Pampanga, with her two older siblings from her fathers first marriage. At the age of four, she chose to live with her maternal grandmother in Iligan City. She stayed there for three years, then split her time between Mindanao and Manila until the age of 11. She is fluent in English, Tagalog, Spanish and several other Philippine languages, most importantly, Kapampangan, Ilokano, and Cebuano. Arroyo was a former professor of economics at Ateneo de Manila University where Benigno Aquino III was one of her students. She entered government in 1987, serving as assistant secretary of the Department of Trade and Industry. Her educational background. She attended Assumption Convent for her elementary and high school education, graduating valedictorian in 1964. Arroyo then studied for two years at Georgetown Universitys Walsh School of Foreign Service in Washington, D. C. where she was a classmate of future United States President Bill Clinton and achieved consistent Deans list status. She then earned her Bachelor of Arts degree in Economics from Assumption College, graduating magna cum laude in 1968. Her political career, Arroyo entered politics in the 1992 election, running for senator. At the first general election under the 1987 Constitution, the top twelve vote-getting senatorial candidates would win a six-year term, and the next twelve candidates would win a three-year term. Arroyo ranked 13th in the elections, earning a three-year term. She was re-elected in 1995, topping the senatorial election with nearly 16 million votes. As a legislator, Arroyo filed over 400 bills and authored or sponsored 55 laws during her tenure as senator, including the Anti-Sexual Harassment Law, the Indigenous Peoples Rights Law, and the Export Development Act. The 1995 Mining Act, which allows 100% foreign ownership of Philippine mines. Later, Arroyo had a run for the presidency in the 1998 election, but was persuaded by President Fidel V. Ramos and leaders of the administration party instead seek the vice-presidency as the running mate of its presidential candidate, House Speaker Jose de Venecia, Jr. Though the latter lost to popular former actor Joseph Estrada, Arroyo won the vice presidency by a large margin, garnering more than twice the votes of her closest opponent, Estradas running mate Senator Edgardo Angara. Arroyo began her term as Vice President on June 30, 1998. She was the first and only to date female Vice President of the Philippines. Arroyo resigned from the cabinet in October 2000, distancing herself from President Estrada, who was accused of corruption by a former political supporter, Chavit Singson, Governor from Ilocos Sur. She had initially resisted force from allies to speak out against Estrada, but eventually joined calls for Estradas resignation. The last quarter of 2000 up to the first week of January 2001 was a period of political and economic uncertainty for the Philippines. On January 16, 2001, the impeachment trial has also taken a new direction. Private prosecutors walked out of the trial when pro-Estrada senators prevented the opening of an evidence containing bank records allegedly owned by President Estrada. With the walk out, the impeachment trial was not completed and the Filipinos eventually took to the street to continue the shout for President Estradas resignation. From January 17 to 20, 2001, hundreds of thousands of Filipinos gathered at EDSA, the site of the original People Power Revolution. Days after leaving Malacanang Palace, President Estradas lawyers questioned the legitimacy of Arroyos presidency before the Supreme Court. He reiterated that he did not resign as president and that at most, On May 1, 2001, they marched towards Malacanang to force Arroyo to give in to their demands. Violence erupted when the protesters attempted to storm the presidential palace and the military and police were forced to use their arms to drive them back. Arroyo declared a state of rebellion because of the violence and prominent political personalities affiliated with Estrada were charged and arrested. The so-called EDSA III was the first serious political challenge to the Arroyo presidency. Arroyo then run for Presidency again in 2004 which she won against poe by a difference of 1 million votes. Allegations of cheating against Arroyo gained momentum one year after the May 2004 elections. In a press conference held on June 10, 2005, Samuel Ong, former deputy director of the National Bureau of Investigation claimed to have audio recordings of wiretapped conversations between Arroyo and an official of the Commission on Elections (Virgilio Garcillano, a former COMELEC commissioner, would later be identified as the official talking to Arroyo. According to Ong, the recordings allegedly proved that Arroyo ordered the rigging of the national elections for her to win by around one million votes against Poe. The recordings of Ong became known as the Hello Garci controversy and triggered massive protests against Arroyo. Key members of her cabinet resigned from their respective posts and urged Arroyo to do the same. On June 27, 2005, Arroyo admitted to inappropriately speaking to a COMELEC official, claiming it was a lapse in judgement. She, however, denied influencing the outcome of the elections and declared that she won the elections fairly. Arroyo did not resign despite the pressures coming from various sectors of society. The Hello Garci controversy became the basis of the impeachment case filed against Arroyo in 2005. Attempts to impeach Arroyo failed later that year. Arroyo took her oath of office on June 30, 2004. In a break with tradition, she chose to first deliver her inaugural address at the Quirino Grandstand in Manila before departing to Cebu City for her oath taking: the first time a Philippine president had taken the oath of office outside of Luzon. Her end of Presidency ,In November 2009, Arroyo formally declared her intention to run for a seat in the House of Representatives representing the 2nd District of Pampanga, making her the second Philippine. A request seeking to disqualify Arroyo from the race was dismissed by the Comelec for lack of merit, a decision which was later affirmed by the Supreme Court. With little serious competition, she was elected to congress in May 2010 with a landslide victory. After receiving final military honors at the inauguration ceremony of incoming President Benigno Aquino III, she headed straight to Pampanga for her own oath-taking as congresswoman. Controversies The Fertilizer Fund Scam is a Philippine political controversy involving accusations that Agriculture Undersecretary Jocelyn Bolante diverted P728 million in fertilizer funds to the 2004 election campaign of President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo. Another famous controversy Hello Garci scandal . In 2005, Samuel Ong who is a former deputy director of the countrys National Bureau of Investigation claimed to have audio tapes of wiretapped conversations between President Arroyo and an official of the Commission on Elections. According to Ong, the contents of the tape prove that the 2004 national election was rigged by Arroyo in order to win by around one million votes Two witnesses, Antonio Rasalan and Clinton Colcol, stepped in August 2006, claiming involvement in an alleged plot to alter the results for the May 2004 elections. Rasalan claimed that he was fully convinced that the election returns presented at the House of Representatives were manufactured and had replaced the original documents. Colcol, a tabulator for the Commission on Elections (Comelec), said that Arroyo only received 1,445 votes, while Poe received 2,141 in South Upi, Maguindanao during the May 2004 elections. The Philippine National Broadband Network controversy is a political affair that centers upon allegations of corruption primarily involving Former Commission on Elections Chairman Benjamin Abalos, First Gentleman Mike Arroyo and President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo regarding the proposed government managed National Broadband Network for the Philippines and the awarding of its construction to the Chinese firm Zhong Xing Telecommunication Equipment Company Limited a telecommunications and networking equipment provider. The issue has captivated Filipino politics since it erupted in Philippine media around August 2007, largely through the articles of newspaper columnist Jarius Bondoc of the Philippine Star. It has also taken an interesting turn of events, including the resignation of Abalos as COMELEC chairman, the bribery of congressmen and provincial governors. Controversial Dinner party and Ondoy again, a serious blow marked another controversy in the Philippines. In late July 2009, Arroyo went to New York City to dine with her friends at a lush Le Cirque restaurant and was highly criticized for her supposed outlandish dinner at Le Cirque with the Philippine delegation during her visit to the United States. President Arroyo and her group reportedly had dinner for the cost of $20,000 or P1,000,000 as reported in the New York Post. This has been connected to corruption and anti-Gloria protests to spread out anger among the poor, and more people went hungry as a result of rising hunger, and also, anti-Gloria coup attempts. In September 2009, Typhoon Ondoy became devastative throughout Metro Manila and Luzon leaving 464 people dead and resulted to massive flooding and landslides. The Northrail project is being surrounded by a controversy since 1997, Arroyo signed a Memorandum of agreement with Sinomach and other contractors in 2004, to construct a rail line from Caloocan to Clark Special Economic Zone once to be completed in 2010. Many opposition senators and congressmen opposed that the project could cost US$500 million and this has been led to corruption, and also a series of cancellations. After it was constructed from 2009-2010, again, it eventually cancelled in March 2011. The arrest controversy, Arroyo was arrested on 18 November 2011 after a Pasay court issued a warrant of arrest against her. This followed the filing of a complaint for electoral sabotage by COMELEC. The arrest warrant was served at St. Lukes Medical Center, Taguig where Arroyo had been confined. This and others resulted to corruption charges including her husband Mike and son Mikey. She has been detained at the Veterans Memorial Medical Center in Quezon City since 9 December 2011. Her contributions to the society are acceptable even though she is corrupted. She saved the economy of the Philippines in the days of global recession, by travelling and negotiating with other country. The 14th president of the Philippines contributed a lot to our country. Her contribution that I noticed most was the boom in infrastructure and roads and a good increase in our economy even though she was the president during the Global Financial Crisis of 2008-2009. Her best contribution was the establishment of the nautical highway. Unfortunately this caused further debt in the country. She was arrested in 2001 for electoral fraud and as of December 2012 is still incarcerated. Programs that Gloria Arroyo executed Human rights ,Gloria Arroyo flanked by United States Marines. May 2006 Amnesty International report expressed concern over the sharp rise in killings of militant activists and community workers in the PhilippinesTask Force, a special police unit tasked to probe reported extra-judicial killings, by state run death squads counts 115 murders and says most of these are the result of an internal purge by communist rebels. On September 5, 2007, President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo signed Amnesty Proclamation 1377 for members of the Communist Party of the Philippines and its armed wing, the New Peoples Army; other communist rebel groups; and their umbrella organization, the National Democratic Front. The amnesty will cover the crime of rebellion and all other crimes but not including crimes against chastity, rape, torture, kidnapping for ransom, use and trafficking of illegal drugs and other crimes for personal . President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo served as Secretary of the Department of Social Welfare and Development from July 1998 to October 2000, or a total of 27 months. In her more than two years at the Department, she pioneered the AHON Programs . Ahon Bayan, Ahon Bata and the Ahon Pamilya which are all aimed at improving the lives of the poor and the disadvantaged through strengthening linkages with various stakeholders. The Quick Reaction Team was also launched during her term. Our Future is in the Future of Filipino Children. The project seeks to intensify and accelerate past andpresent attempts to address the plight of street children. Specifically, it provides street children and their families with necessary social services to protect their rights and enjoy a new lease on life. The project covers as priority areas the 17 cities and municipalities in the National Capital Region. More than 11,730 children were reached out through the project. Ahon Bayan is a resource generation project for social welfareservices. It addresses the inadequacy of funds for social welfare. The project aims to generate and mobilize resources by matching donors from local and international funding agencies with proponents from non-government organizations and peoples organizations. The project is now institutionalized as a regular DSWD project. Since 1998, Ahon Bayan programme has funded a total of 80 projects throughout the country. Ahon Pamilya is also commonly known as the National Family Violence Prevention Program. It is a community based strategy of preparing family members to protect themselves against violence and manage resolution of conflicts within the context of family members. Quick Reaction Team Pamilya. The program which was launched in January 1999 has put in place a mechanism that ensures immediate response to the needs of sexually abused women and children. Pres. Gloria Macapagal Arroyo also made significant achievements in the regular DSWD programs. The Self- Employment Assistance Kaunlaran . The project is a community-based micro-financing project which builds capabilities of peoples organizations to self-administer a socialized credit proposal. Project components are social preparation, capital assistance, savings mobilization and access to other social services. For this project, 2,184 SEA-K Associations were extended capital assistance benefiting 61,879 families. Each family-beneficiary was given P5,000. 00 capital assistance for its chosen livelihood project. The Early Childhood Development Project (ECD). The project was designed to promote the survival and development of children six years old and below in Regions VI, VII and XII. It refers to child and family focused services designed to build on and improve existing health, nutrition and early education services for disadvantaged children. Benigno Simeon Cojuangco Aquino III Benigno Simeon Cojuangco Aquino III born February 8, 1960), also known as Noynoy Aquino or PNoy, is a Filipino politician who has been the 15th President of the Philippines since June 2010. Aquino is a fourth-generation politician: his great-grandfather, Servillano Mianong Aquino, served as a delegate to the Malolos Congress; his grandfather, Benigno Aquino, Sr. , served as Speaker of the House of Representatives of the Philippines from 1943 to 1944; and his parents were President Corazon Aquino and Senator Benigno Ninoy Aquino, Jr. Aquino is a member of the Liberal Party. In the Liberal Party, Aquino held various positions such as Secretary General and Vice President for Luzon. Aquino is the Chairman of the Liberal Party. Born in Manila, Aquino finished his Bachelor of Arts Major in Economics from Ateneo de Manila University in 1981 and joined his family in their exile in the United States shortly thereafter. He returned to the Philippines in 1983 shortly after the assassination of his father and held several positions working in the private sector. In 1998, he was elected to the House of Representatives as Representative of the 2nd district of Tarlac province. He was subsequently re-elected to the House in 2001 and 2004. In 2007, having been barred from running for re-election to the House due to term limits, he was elected to the Senate in the 14th Congress of the Philippines. Following the death of his mother on August 1, 2009, many people began calling on Aquino to run for president. Aquino studied in Ateneo de Manila University for his elementary, high school, and college education, graduating in 1981 with a Bachelor of Arts degree in Economics. After college, he joined his family in Boston in exile. Noynoy was a pure breed Atenista from grade school, high school, up to college. He then graduated from the Ateneo University with a degree in Economics. At that time, his father the famous Senator Ninoy Aquino was the lone voice of freedom against the dictator president Marcos and so they were exiled to Boston because of this. Political career He is a member of the Liberal Party, the banner of the political opposition. He ran for congressman in 1998 and served as Representative of the 2nd District of Tarlac until 2007. He was then elected as Senator in the 2007 midterm elections under the Genuine Opposition, a coalition comprising a number of parties, including his own Liberal Party. With more than 14. 3 million votes, Aquinos tally was the sixth highest of the 37 candidates for the 12 vacant seats elected from the nation at large. He assumed his new office on June 30, 2007. A member of the Liberal Party from 1998 to present, Aquino served as the partys secretary general and vice-chairman. After the death of his mother, Corazon Aquino on 1 August 2009, Noynoy was pegged to run for president in the 2010 Elections. Aquino was uncertain if he would run for the presidency and went to the Carmelite Convent in Zamboanga on 4 September 2009 for a few days of spiritual retreat. He said he wanted to be enlightened before making a decision. According to Aquino, three factors would influence his decision on running for president: his ability to guarantee that there will really be meaningful changes for society and the country, the availability of logistics for his electoral campaign, and the sentiments of his four sisters on his presidential bid. On 8 September 2009, at a press conference organized by the Liberal Party held in Club Filipino, LP President Mar Roxas gave way to Aquino to become the standard bearer of LP. Aquino came back after his retreat and made the announcement of his bid for presidency on 9 September 2009 at the Club Filipino in Greenhills, San Juan. On 28 November 2009, Aquino filed his certificate of candidacy (CoC) along with Roxas as his vice president, under the Liberal Party banner. In April 2010, a document containing a psychological evaluation on Aquinos mental health leaked to the public. Allegations of the leakage of the document, conducted in 1996 under the Department of Psychology of Ateneo de Manila, were pointed at the Nacionalista Party. NPs standard bearer, Manny Villar, denied the allegations and challenged Aquino to take a psychiatric test and other medical evaluations to prove his sanity and fitness to become President. Senator Chiz Escudero, a former presidential candidate aspirant, announced his support for Aquino and Jejomar Binay, causing a stir among Aquino-Roxas supporters. In May 2010 Aquino admitted that he had been meeting with Iglesia ni Cristo Minister Eduardo Manalo and was also hoping to get an end

How To Use The Essay Samples For Students

How To Use The Essay Samples For StudentsA number of the XAT essay samples for students are designed to help students prepare for a test. It can be a very frustrating experience if you are facing a tough deadline for a test and you do not know what to study for. This can be made easier by using a good guide or curriculum.This is where you need to make sure that you know how to utilize the essay samples so that it will give you more chances to get a good score on the exam. You must first realize that the subjects are quite broad and you will need to take different ones depending on the type of subject you are taking on. It is important that you understand which one fits best for the situation you are in.There are a number of essay samples that are designed to help students prepare for the exam. These vary from books to personal journals. It is important that you know what exactly the test requires. This will help you prepare more effectively.It is very easy to understand what a good e ssay sample looks like as these are easy to see. You should choose the topic that you think is suitable for the subject you are studying. The way in which you will structure the essay is also very important.The essay samples will give you an idea on how to write an essay for the XAT. You should try to keep this in mind when you are studying for the test. It will help you when you are actually preparing for the exam.You need to follow certain rules so that you can easily write your essay. You should keep in mind that you should read about the subject before you begin writing. You can even ask your teacher for help in writing the essay and he or she can be helpful in providing you with guidelines on how to compose the essay.The essay samples are designed for students who want to write an essay in order to be able to get a good grade. They can also use them to help them improve their knowledge in a specific subject. As you progress in your studies, you will be able to develop an expert ise in a specific area.One of the things that you need to keep in mind is that there are different types of essay samples for students. They differ in terms of subjects, subjects that are similar to the subject you are studying, types of essay examples that are meant for college level, level-appropriate writing, essay samples for high school students, and the type of essay samples that is meant for college level and above. It will be best to choose the one that fits best for the specific type of topic you are writing on.

Disguise in Shakespeare

Disguise in Shakespeare Characters often resort to disguise in Shakespeare plays. This is a plot device that the Bard uses over and over again ... but why? We take a look at the history of disguise and reveal why it was considered controversial and dangerous in Shakespeares time. Gender Disguise in Shakespeare One of the most common plot lines used in relation to disguise is when a woman such as Rosalind in As You Like It disguises herself as a man. This is looked at in more depth in Cross-Dressing in Shakespeare Plays. This plot device allows Shakespeare to explore gender roles as with Portia in The Merchant of Venice who, when dressed as a man, is able to solve the problem of Shylock and demonstrate that she is just as bright as the male characters. History of Disguise Disguise goes back to Greek and Roman theater and allows the playwright to demonstrate dramatic irony. Dramatic irony  is when the audience is party to knowledge that the characters in the play are not. Often, humor can be derived from this. For example, when Olivia in Twelfth Night is in love with Viola (who is dressed as her brother Sebastian), we know that she is in fact in love with a woman. This is amusing but it also allows the audience to feel pity for Olivia, who does not have all of the information. The English Sumptuary Laws In Elizabethan times, clothes indicated a persons’ identity and class. Queen Elizabeth had supported a law pronounced by her predecessor named ‘The English Sumptuary Laws’ where a person must dress according to their class but also should limit extravagance. People must protect the levels of society, but they must also dress so as not to flaunt their riches- they must not dress too sumptuously. Penalties could be enforced such as fines, the loss of property, and even execution. As a result, clothes were regarded as a manifestation of a persons’ position in life and therefore, dressing in a different way had a lot more power and significance and danger than it has today. Here are some examples from King Lear: Kent, a nobleman disguises himself as a lowly servant called Caius in order to stay close to the King to keep him safe and remain loyal despite being banished by him. This is a deception but he does it for honorable reasons.  The audience has sympathy for Kent as he debases himself in honor of the King.  Edgar, Gloucester’s son disguises himself as a beggar called Poor Tom after he is wrongly accused of plotting to kill his father. His character is altered as well as his appearance as he becomes intent on revenge.Goneril and Regan disguise their true intentions rather than wearing a physical disguise. They flatter their father in order to inherit his Kingdom and then betray him. Masque Balls   The use of Masques during festivals and carnivals was commonplace in Elizabethan society both among the aristocracy and the common classes. Originating from Italy, Masques appear regularly in Shakespeare’s plays. There is a masked ball in Romeo and Juliet, and in Midsummer Night’s Dream there is a masque dance to celebrate the wedding of the Duke to the Amazon Queen. There is a masque in Henry VIII, and The Tempest could be considered a masque the whole way through- Prospero is in authority but we come to understand the frailty and vulnerability of authority. Masque balls allowed people to behave differently to how they may do in everyday life. They could get away with more merriment and no one would be sure of their true identity. Disguise in the Audience Sometimes members of the Elizabethan audience would disguise themselves. Especially the women because even though Queen Elizabeth herself loved the theater, it was generally considered that a woman who wanted to see a play was of ill repute. She may even be considered to be a prostitute, so masks and other forms of disguise were used by the audience members themselves. Conclusion Disguise was a powerful tool in Elizabethan society- you could instantly change your position, if you were brave enough to take the risk. You could also change people’s perception of you. Shakespeare’s use of disguise could foster humour or a sense of impending doom, and as such, disguise  is an incredibly powerful narrative technique: Conceal me what I am, and be my aid for such disguise as haply shall become the form of my intent. (Twelfth Night, Act 1, Scene 2)

Negative Guilt Syndrome

Negative Guilt Syndrome Negative Guilt Syndrome Negative Guilt Syndrome By Maeve Maddox A reader expresses second thoughts about a sentence she wrote: When I looked back at it, I realized this use of a double negative to convey a positive is an unusual construction and remembered the dire warnings received in my youth to, â€Å"never use a double negative.† The reader is referring to this sentence: You cannot fail to appreciate his intelligence. The sentence is negative, but it does not contain a double negative. A problem with internalizing the rule â€Å"never use a double negative† is that it tends to make speakers leery of negatives in general. This reader has assumed that by using â€Å"a negative to convey a positive† she has committed some kind of error. She hasn’t. The expression â€Å"You cannot fail to (do something)† is a common idiom: Applaud the authors politics or not, you  cannot fail to appreciate  his literary talent.- Book review in Newsday Anyone with a love of the great outdoors and a good walk cannot fail to appreciate Dartmoor.- Travel piece, London Times Practitioners cannot fail to appreciate the frequency of hyperuricemia in many of their patients because, even in asymptomatic patients, it is regularly brought to their attention in the various profiles of biochemical tests.- Scientific paper, University of Queensland. The negative â€Å"cannot fail to† is a softer way of saying, â€Å"you must† or â€Å"you have to.† A common reaction of English speakers to being told that we must do something is â€Å"Oh yeah? Who’s going to make me?† Using the phrase â€Å"cannot fail to† instead of â€Å"you must† is a way to avoid provoking a hostile reaction in the reader. A â€Å"double negative† results from the presence of more than one negative modifier in the same clause. For example, â€Å"I can’t get no satisfaction† is a double negative because it contains not and no. â€Å"You cannot fail to appreciate his intelligence† is simply a negative sentence, like â€Å"I can’t lose.† As for the â€Å"â€Å"never use a double negative† rule, even it has its exceptions. But that’s another post. Related post: Double Negatives To Avoid Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Style category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Types of Rhyme20 Rules About Subject-Verb AgreementUses of the Past Participle

Whom can art offend Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Whom can art offend - Essay Example in Germany had confiscated the art space in the country, by terming such art as â€Å"degenerate† and thus establishing policies that would restrict the use of modern art in Germany1. This art exhibition was organized by Adolf Ziegler, and it was attended by over three million people, who were involved in viewing different artwork exhibitions. Despite this exhibition being a response to the restriction of the application of modern art in Germany, the exhibition was able to meet its objective of popularizing the modern art that Germany was prohibiting. In this respect, art can be offensive to some part of the society, based on the content of artwork that is being displayed, which the society might consider to be offensive, or to be against the acceptable social moral values2. Thus, while the Degenerate Art Exhibition could have been offensive to the German government and some of the German population that was opposed to the modern art principles, the Islamic world has been offe nded by several art applications throughout the modern history. The Islam world has considered some form of art, both print and visual, as offensive to the ideals and values that the Muslims holds dear. "The Innocence of Mohammed" is one of such films that was developed and aired in America, directed by Sam Bacile, which then became highly controversial due to its anti-Prophet Muhammad d and anti-Islam sentiments and contents3. The release of the film caused the Islamic world to protest against its allowed viewership, considering that the film was ridiculing the very fundamental Muslim principles that the religion regards critical. In response to the release of the film in 2012, protests sparked in different Muslim nations, such as Egypt, Syria and Libya, where the protesters were involved in â€Å"burning the USA flag and also attacking the USA diplomats† to those countries4. The protests were far more violent in Libya, where the protesters burnt down the USA consulate in the country and also

National Response Framework Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

National Response Framework - Assignment Example NRF provides guidelines on how a country should respond to any types of disasters and emergencies regardless of the intensities. It’s pegged on flexible, scalable and adaptable concepts identifiable by the national incident management system to align key roles and responsibilities across the nation. Terrorism is a global problem that requires advanced preparedness and management. Terrorism is characterized by mass destruction that include fatal injuries, death and destruction of properties. Terrorist are not afraid of death and they rejoice when they kill as many innocent civilians as possible. In this regard, the best strategy of combating terrorism is prevention strategies as opposed to reactionary strategies. This is why National Response Framework plays a vital role in combating terrorism. Well, terrorists do not operate in a vacuum society. In this regard, there is an extensive intelligence report that there will be a coordinated terrorism plan to use improvised explosives devices (IED) to detonate bombs at major USA city’s sports arena. According to the intelligence source, the attack will occur in Inglewood Sports Arena during the much awaited CA the Forum. The Forum usually attracts comprising at least 10, 000 spectators. The large number is mostly due to high profile people that attend the Forum and economic benefits attached to it. The Forum will occur for 3 days starting on 15th March 2015 and ending at 17th March 2015. The date of the attack is not specific but is believed that since the forum will be 15th and 17th, the attack is likely to occur on either dates. The threat is a well-coordinated activities. According to the intelligence, 3-5 suicide bombers will stage themselves in arena with an aim of detonating the bombs to cause mass panic and evacuat ion of the arena of the forum. The second attack will involve 1-2 large vehicle bombs (LVB) in a parking facility near entertainment complex. On the third attack will involve a series of

Analysis Of Corporate Culture Management Essay

Analysis Of Corporate Culture Management Essay Daimler-Chrysler was a merger formed by joining German industrial giant Daimler-Benz AG and American auto mobile manufacturer Chrysler Corporation, in 1998. Brands they produce include Dodge, Jeep, Chrysler, Mercedes, and Plymouth. DaimlerChrysler upholds headquarters in Stuttgart, Germany, the original home of Daimler-Benz, and in Auburn Hills, Michigan, the original headquarters of Chrysler. According to (Mopardaddy, 2013), Daimler-Benz acquired Chrysler Corporation for $38 billion, and it became one of the largest industrial mergers in history. The merger also placed DaimlerChrysler for contractions into Asian and Latin American markets, where analysts foresee significant future growth in the automobile industry. (Miliou, 2011) mentioned the reason for this merger in her study. By this merger Daimler will be able to enter U.S market and produce more low-end cars in their production. On the other hand Chrysler will be able to access Europe market. Daimler-Chrysler also has benefit of lowering the cost, increasing the productivity and exchanges the technology. The main goal of this merger is to form a larger global enterprise to compete in the larger markets of the world. The result of this merger was unexpected. DCs sales and share price started falling, started making huge losses and synergies were not working as expected. This failure resulted to selling Chrysler to Cerberus Capital Management. After all the main reasons behind the failure of merger of Daimler-Chrysler can be answer by several factors, which is cultural clash, mismanagement, lack of due diligence and Asian challenge. Analysis of Corporate Culture Edgar Schein of MITs Sloan School of Management define organizational culture as follows: a pattern of shared basic assumptions that the group learned as it solved its problems of external adaptation and internal integration, that has worked well enough to be considered valid and, therefore, to be taught to new members as the correct way to perceive, think, and feel in relation to those problems. The main reason for the failure of Daimler-Chrysler is cultural mismatch. The two companies failed in managing and reducing the difference between both companies. The diversity of culture from each region will take effect in work manner, quality, system of authority, and create the business culture itself. In this merger Daimler-Benz and Chrysler come from two different cultures. Daimler-Benz is from east culture of Germany and Chrysler Corp is from America. Two cultures is different in terms of organization, working style and compensation. The cultural incompatibility is the single largest cause of lack of projected performance, departure of key executives, and time consuming conflicts in the consolidation of business (Bijilsma-Frankema, 2001) The Culture of Human Resource Management of Daimler: According to Daimler, the companys sustainable human resources policy focuses on safeguarding the future, ensuring effective health management and occupational safety, and promoting diversity throughout the Group. We seek to achieve top performance in these areas and thus present Daimler as an attractive employer (Daimler.com) With this, it shows that the company mainly focus on its HR in order to achieve and maintain competitive advantage. According to the report of the company, for December 31, 2008, the Group had already a 273,216 employees in the world. All of them are considered as very important to the overall operations and performance of the organization. Thus, the company mainly focus on the altered strategies and efforts that will aid them to retain their talented people, which will help them in order to save cost of hiring and training new employees, at the same time, maintain efficiency and effectiveness of the entire HR. According to (Habsjah, 2011), Daimler-Benz perceived itself as a leading innovator of the automotive industry with a rich engineering and quality heritage building the upscale cars. According to Daimler, the companys sustainable human resources policy focuses on safeguarding the future, ensuring effective health management and occupational safety, and promoting diversity throughout the Group. We seek to achieve top performance in these areas and thus present Daimler as an attractive employer (Daimler.com). Daimlers main focus is on quality rather than providing low priced products. Looking at the strengths and weakness of the Daimler-Benz, Daimler-Benz offers luxurious products to the market and they are the leader in the quality. However, high production cost is the main weakness of Daimler-Benz and they also have face lacking of global models offer to the market. Corporate Structure and Corporate Culture: Daimler-Benz has a hierarchical structure in their organization where Chryslers is team-oriented. Daimler-Benzs corporate cultures depend on management processes of planning, organizing and controlling. By this they are more conservative, efficient and safe. In Chrysler corporate culture depends on setting goals, directing and monitoring implementation. (Lu Sampsel). From this we can conclude that Daimler-Benz have based their work more on individualism with higher power distance with less uncertainty avoidance and Chrysler possess the quality of low power distance with more team oriented works. Daimler-Benz considers the quality regardless of the cost occurred. According to (THE HOFSTEDE CENTRE), American scores low on power distance whereas German is highly decentralized and are among low power distant countries. Chrysler used the strategy of being innovative to develop business ideas and venture into new markets. Daimler was a complete opposite of this and encouraged formality and hierarchy. At Daimler, decision making is formalized and the employees wear formal clothes at work (Luo, Jackson Schuler, 2003). Corporate Proposition and value chain: Daimler-Benzs main focus is image and experience connected with the highest quality obtainable in the market. Where Chrysler aim at satisfying customers by providing eye-catching, attractive design at comparatively low prices. Daimler-Benz alleged itself as a leading innovator of the automotive industry with a rich engineering and quality inheritance building the upscale cars( (Habsjah, 2011)). Chrysler, in the other hand, was a trendsetter for new design, short development time referring to its organizational flexibility and a sense of market opportunities ( (Habsjah, 2011)). Daimler has quality engineering service with superb designs and provides after sales services, whereas Chrysler produces in high volume and sells in low cost. In other words they emphasis on cost strategies. The summary of Daimler-Benz is they culture is formal, traditional, mannerly and bureaucratic. Daimler-Benz has structure of high authority, strong hierarchy and little payment disparity. They offer products of high quality, high price, luxurious and small sized cars. Chrysler can be summarized as they have culture of relaxed, informal, flexible, risk taking and free form. Their structure designed from top to down management, have lean staffs, highly centralized and encourages team work. Their products are attractive, offer a competitive price, comfortable and moderate speed. Issues faced in the context of organizational culture analysis. Cultural familiarity theory argues that firms are less likely to invest in organizations in culturally distant countries, and subsequently have poorer performance post integration (Lee, Shenkar, Li, 2008; Li Guisinger, 1991; Shenkar, 2001) The research on this issue, however, has been inconclusive. Datta and Puia (1995) found that cultural distance had a negative effect on subsequent shareholder wealth of the acquiring firm, whereas Chakrabarti and colleagues (2009) found a positive effect of cultural distance on firm performance 36 months after integration. Germans and Americans have often ignored cultural differences during initial merger negotiations; however, those differences typically resurface when the actual integration efforts begin and, in essence, signal a major crisis situation (Nees, 1998, p. M6). Misunderstandings between Germans and Americans have often occurred because of differences in communication styles, planning and decision-making processes, negotiation strategies, and leadership practices (Shelton, Hall and Darling, 2003, p. 315). Language and communication barriers: A potential matter that should not have been ignored was the strong cultures and language barriers between the U.S. and Germany. There are lot of language barriers between Daimler-Benz and Chrysler. These barriers should be solved through communication between both the parties. Fitzgibbon and Seeger (2002) found that cultural differences were one of the primary factors in the failed merger of the Chrysler Corporation and Daimler-Benz. Among other things, pre-merger communication and public relations created unrealistic expectations that simply could not be met. Cultural difference is a factor that affects individual communication style and the communication process. Leaderships Role: Academic scholars and most business analysts tend to view these business ventures only from financial and operational perspectives, says Ghosn. They are often surprised when mergers struggle or even fail, when on paper they seemed sure to succeed. The leaders of both companies are from two different culture. The leader of Daimler, Jà ¼rgen Schrempp, is with independent personality and south African overlay and leader of Chrysler Robert Eaton, broke the Chrysler tradition of commanders. Leadership team alignment is also vital to guarantee that common messages and significances are communicated, and that relationship building activities and role lucidity efforts are applied. This case is a strong reminder of the complexity of cross-border integration and the importance of having a leadership team capable of dealing with cultural complexity. James Holden, Chrysler president from 1999 to 2000, share his vew about marrying up and marrying phenomenon. Mercedes was universally perceived as the fancy, special brand, while Chrysler, dodge, Plymouth and jeep were the poorer, blue collar relations(Grasslin, 2000, p.162). Although Daimler-Benz and Chrysler are from same industry both are using different techniques in production. Their target customers are also different. As a result they face difficulties in bringing both the product lines into same order under the newly formed merger. The only product Daimler-Benz relied on was Mercedes Benz. They require extending their product range. This was the main aim of Daimler-Chrysler merger. (Turnock Cobbs, 2003). Management style: Style of management of the Germans encouraged for long meetings with long negotiations and reports. The Americans think that creativity is the central idea in management and they acknowledged short meetings with few reports. Chrysler Group was initiated on the trust that invention and innovation was the best approach to success. This was the opposite of Daimler which accepted formal set up of activities with all the strategies being directed in a formal manner to retain a good image about the company (Luo, Jackson Schuler, 2003). Chrysler had a reputation for having a more freewheeling, open culture, in contrast to the more traditional, top-down management style practiced at Daimler-Benz (Akre, 1998, p. C3). Daimler-Benz was synonymous with words like conservative, ef ¬Ã‚ cient and safe; whereas, Chrysler was known as daring, diverse and creative. In fact, these cultural differences in many ways were the foundation for the mutual attraction between the two companies, but belied the crisis situation that was imminent. Employees interest: American workers tend to have more informal way of working while Germans like to be very formal in the working style. More of the German workers are following instructions from their top managers where American managers welcome feedbacks from lower level employees. German managers frequently prefer a more autocratic style than their American counterparts, and their employees typically expect to be treated accordingly. Research also indicates that a higher percentage of Germans are obedient to their managers than are Americans (Luthans, 1998, p. 591). For example, American employees often feel comfortable challenging their managers, perhaps even giving them advice. German employees, on the other hand, expect their managers to give them speci ¬Ã‚ c instructions and they typically follow them unquestioningly. In addition, many Germans view American hiring and  ¬Ã‚ ring practices as unnaturally brutal (Daft and Noe, 2001, p. 62). The companies were not well-matched with each other in terms of corporate culture. For example, Daimler AG had a corporate culture of permitting the employees to have beer breaks. This culture was not tolerable by Chrysler since them apparent that it could cause fortunes and other unlawful impacts. Later the DaimlerChrysler merger was proven, this matter carried struggles leading to poor support between the managers of the two companies. This resulted to the failure of the merger (OSullivan, 2001). Recommendation on how merger can be managed to achieve strategic objectives. Quickly eradicating inconsistent and non-common functions  causes  cultural integration conflict to side track post-merger activities. The post-merger issues with DaimlerChrysler were a result of not clearly identifying non-common or unneeded functions from a company culture standpoint.  Ã‚  If the employee base is not clear on strategies of the new company, this causes a separation into two companies vs. a new merged environment. (Jaybrownonline, 2013). The Chrysler worker base could have n realize that Daimler wasnt going to throw the baby out with the bath water. Likewise, Daimler through this team effort described above would have realize American culture and processes enough to decide upon the most effective approach globally for the new company ensuring that cultural integration was not forgotten. This would have made a smoother transaction and to provide spot check of how it will be handled and communicated early in post-merger negotiations. Culture clash could have been reduced with the approach described above. (Jaybrownonline, 2013) The severity of communication style differences should have been identified very early on in the pre-merger planning. A plan should have been developed and implemented to ensure cross communication training and awareness were promoted throughout the merger (Jaybrownonline, 2013). Factually the communications style of the Chrysler Corporation was non-hierarchical and far less organized than the bequest Daimler Corporation. Contracts were generally by consensus and employees were given more authorization and self-determination. When this was known to be different from Daimler, they should have taken the necessary steps to transfer and train people on the new communication styles that were to be used going forward. Top management should have better communicated the reasons for the intensely different return packages between the two legacies companies (i.e. cost of living, etc.) and set the expectations of both companies. Chryslers leadership should have not taken the back seat in the newly merged company. The combined leadership should have lessened the impact of bowing out to let the German counter-part lead. A concerted approach could be to have the leaders spouse to ensure adequate span of management control between the two companies to avoid the incorrect message sent out to the employee base. Jà ¼rgen Schrempp, CEO of DaimlerChrysler, July, 2000 stated Implementation is a harder act than the doing of a deal. This was portrayed in the post timeline after the merger. A clear leadership implementation plan was attempted but not effective to fire up the company as a whole. Pre-merger activities should have identified a discovery period between companies and post-merger should have created a clear plan of action, identified key management and communicated quickly throughout the new organization (Jaybrownonline, 2013). Changing of the German employees compensation to be more bonus driven should have been better evaluated, as this went against the European culture and was bound to have negative consequences. Daimler could have also alleviated the preservation issues by taking better steps to ratify a retention plan which could have included elements such as stay pay and a new bonus strategy, based on indicators of the merger. Reward systems of each legacy company should be examined pre-merger to determine areas where significant gaps or potential areas of conflict may occur. The HR organization should create reward systems for each of the disparate cultures but are consistent to the company as a whole. They also need to keep the people that are currently there happy and renew the new companys commitment to them (Jaybrownonline, 2013). DaimlerChrysler should have built their platforms around taking advantage of the synergies that could be achieved instead of the cannibalizing markets for their own brands. (An instance of this would be not letting the K-car to be exported/built in emerging markets for fear that it would eat into the non-existent profits of the Mercedes in the same region.) DaimlerChrysler should have followed ABB merger to the letter or choose a more suitable merger to model their addition (Jaybrownonline, 2013). Conclusion Culture plays an important role when it comes to merge two companies across the border. If the two companies fails in taking cultural differences into account, there would be disasters happening inside the newly formed company. The case of merger of two auto mobile company, Daimler-Benz and Chrysler has shown this clearly. The main cultural differences of Daimler-Benz and Chrysler is started from regional difference, communication and language difference, management style difference and difference of leadership style. Most of the difference is found among the working employees. They are differentiated by the organization before merger. The merger named of equal merger was led by the Daimler-Benz. This was the root of cultural problems. Issues faced by the two organizations include communication barriers, leadership and management barriers and conflict of interest among the employees of the new corporation. To overcome these barriers some actions should be taken by which I have included as recommendations. The culture of the organization should be considered as an iceberg, most of it is water under awareness.